Gout Hands
These jarred hands were kept by medical scientists in order to study the effects of gout on a person. The bulbous knuckles were not post-mortem, but from gout that the person suffered from before they died. Gout was very common in the 19th century.
Netsuke
This is actually a very small ornament, known as a "netsuke," that is just over one-and-a-half- inches tall. It was mainly used in 19th century Japan to hold a small box onto the obi sash of a kimono. No, it's not carved from human bones.